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Dried Wild Blueberries may
be small, but scientific research shows they may have big powers of protection.
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Cancer Prevention: A Univ. of Illinois study by Mary Ann Lila
Smith, Ph.D., looked at a particular flavonoid (Flavonoids
include anthocyanins, the natural substances responsible
for giving blueberries their deep-blue color.) that
inhibits an enzyme involved in promoting cancer. Of the
fruits tested, Wild Blueberries showed the greatest
anti-cancer activity. J of Food Science, Vol. 65, No. 2,
2000.
Anti-Aging: James
Joseph, Ph. D., Chief of the USDA Human Nutrition
Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, is working
with blueberries to examine their potential to help
improve motor skills and reverse the short-term memory
loss that comes with aging. "The blueberry has emerged
as a very powerful food in the aging battle," said
Joseph. "Given the possibility that blueberries may
reverse short-term memory loss and forestall other
effects of aging, their potential may be very great."
Urinary Tract Health: Explains
Rutgers scientist Amy Howell, PhD, blueberries, like
cranberries, contain compounds that prevent the bacteria
responsible for urinary tract infections from attaching
to the bladder wall.
Vision: Wild
Blueberries have very high concentrations of anthocyanin,
a natural compound linked with reducing eyestrain and
improving night vision.
Oxidative Stress: USDA
scientists recently concluded that eating Wild
Blueberries helps to prevent oxidative stress. (J
of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 26, No. 2,
170-181, 2007) This study advances antioxidant research
by moving beyond the measurement of antioxidants in
foods to actual examination of the performance of
specific fruits against oxidative stress in the body.
Oxidative stress is linked to chronic diseases and
aging. "We are confident that consumption of Wild
Blueberries or other high antioxidant foods is going to
be beneficial in fighting oxidative stress, "said lead
scientist Ronald L. Prior, Ph.D., USDA Arkansas
Children's Nutrition Center. "It's not just what you eat
but when you eat it that matters. Phyto-chemicals in
foods have varying degrees of bioavailability and
generally are cleared from the blood 2-4 hours after
they're eaten. Ensuring that your body has a steady
supply of antioxidant-rich foods can help combat
oxidative stress throughout the day." The study also
found that eating a meal with no antioxidants—just
carbohydrates, fat or protein—lowers the antioxidant
levels and causes oxidative stress. "You're deficit
spending when you eat junk food. You need to continually
consume antioxidant-rich foods to keep levels up for
optimal health." |
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These blueberries are from low
bush, wild grown blueberry fields, called 'barrens', in northern Quebec, Canada
that have been organically managed since 1996. The area was once heavily
forested, but the forest was long ago cut down. A few years after it was
cleared, the area was full of native wild blueberries. In August the blueberries
are handpicked, washed and cleaned to remove any leaves and twigs, sorted and
quick frozen. When ready for drying, the blueberries are thawed and then infused
by immersing them in organic apple juice concentrate that is circulated over
them until they reach just the right sweetness or 'Brix'. The infused
blueberries are then rinsed, low heat dried, and coated very lightly with a mist
of organic sunflower oil to prevent clumping. The low heat drying is warm air
circulated until they are dry enough to become shelf stable, requiring no
refrigeration. It takes 4 pounds of fresh blueberries to produce 1 pound of
dried.
Although there are more than 450 plants in the blueberry family Vaccinium, there
are a few main types of blueberry plants indigenous to North America. The wild blueberry is native to northeastern North America growing from
Minnesota to Maine and as far north as the Arctic. For the most part this
variety is confined to growing in this cooler climatic area. The wild blueberry
is a small, dwarf plant reaching only the height of 1 to 2 feet. The cultivated
blueberry is a much taller bush planted in many different areas, and are
maintained much like an olive grove or an orchard. Wild blueberry plants are not
planted. They develop naturally from native existing stands and are simply
managed. Although both types of blueberries contain healthful antioxidants, it
is the wild, low bush blueberry that was recently rated #1 in antioxidant
activity by the USDA. To determine the antioxidant activity of various foods,
the USDA uses a system referred to as Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC).
By testing the ability of foods and other compounds to subdue oxygen free
radicals, the USDA was able to determine each compound's antioxidant capability.
The ORAC value of wild blueberries is 2,400, the highest of 20 common fruits
rated.
For centuries wild blueberries were gathered from the fields, forests and bogs
of North America by Native American tribes. These tiny berries were a valuable
food source used in stews, soups, cooked with ground corn and sweetened with
maple syrup or honey, and made into a type of jerky with deer meat, which helped
many survive the long, cold northern winters. The blossom end or calyx of each
berry forms the shape of a perfect five pointed star. Native Americans called it
the 'star berry', and the elders of the tribe often told stories of how the
Great Spirit brought the 'star berries' so that the children could relieve their
hunger during a famine. They used the juice of the berries to ease what they
called 'old coughs', and to dye rugs, blankets, and clothing. They also made
smoked berries, sun dried berries, and blueberry powder to flavor meats. They
even used the leaves and roots to make teas. When the Pilgrims arrived, the
Native Americans taught them how to grow and use native plants to help them
survive. One such plant was the wild blueberry. They taught them how to sun dry
and store them for the winter. Over time the berries became an important food
source for the early settlers.
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